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differential is a mechanical device found in vehicles, typically part of the drivetrain. Its primary function is to allow the wheels on the same axle to rotate at different speeds, which is crucial when a vehicle is turning.
When a car makes a turn, the outer wheel has to travel a greater distance than the inner wheel. Without a differential, both wheels would be forced to spin at the same speed, causing slipping, uneven tire wear, and poor handling. The differential adjusts the torque delivered to each wheel to accommodate this difference in speed.
In most vehicles, the differential is located in the middle of the axle, connecting the driveshaft to the wheels. There are several types of differentials, including:
- Open Differential: The most common type, allowing smooth speed differentiation.
- Limited-Slip Differential (LSD): Reduces wheel spin and improves traction.
- Locking Differential: Locks both wheels on an axle to spin at the same speed for off-road conditions.
- Torque-Vectoring Differential: Advanced systems that actively distribute torque to improve handling and performance.
The differential plays a critical role in vehicle safety, efficiency, and performance, especially in cornering and uneven terrain.